世界上最优美的散文--人生短篇-第28章
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receives even the sternest natural images of t he desolate or terrible; i looked upon the scene before me — upon the mere hous e; and the simple landscape features of the domain; upon the bleak walls; upon t he vacant eyelike windows; upon a few randy sedges; and upon a few white trunk s of decayed treeswith an utter depression of soul which i can compare to no e arthly sensation more properly than to the afterdream of the reveler upon opium; the bitter lapse into everyday life;the hideous dropping off of the veil。 there was an iciness; a sinking; a sickening of the heart; an unredeemed torture into ought of the sublime。 what was it i paused to think what was it that so unnerve d me in the contemplation of the house of usher。 it was a mystery all insoluble; nor could i grapple with the shadowy fancies that crowded upon me as i pondered 。 i was forded to fall back upon the unsatisfactory conclusion; that while; beyo nd doubt; there are combinations of very simple natural objects which have the p ower of thus affecting us; still the analysis of this power lies among considera tions beyond our depth。
风 车
爱德华。凡尔拉莱。卢卡斯
爱德华。凡尔拉莱。卢卡斯(1868—1938),英国作家,散文家,毕业于伦敦大学,长 期从事编辑、出版工作,同时致力于写作,是20世纪初期英国文坛的知名人士。
不久之前,一个偶然的机会曾使我成为一座风车的住客。但并不是真的住进去,而且说 来遗憾,也不是进去磨点什么东西,只是兴致来时进去转了转,从它最顶的窗户遥望港口的 船只,或者俯视周围的羊群和原野。这座风车又大又白——而且白得很厉害,每当雷雨云绕 到它的背后时,整个风车就光亮得如同铝制的一样。
从风车的其他几个窗口往外看,你还可以看到另外的四个风车,这些风车和它一样,也 都在闲置着。其中有一个已经破损得非常厉害,还有一个也只剩下了两个翅膀。但就在下一 道山冈、远得望不见的东北方向,就有一座风车在那里欢快地转动着,另外由此再折向西北 四五英里的地方,也有一个风车非常活跃。所以这个地方的情形还不至于像全国其他地方那 么糟糕,任由阵阵好风从身边白白吹过……
一旦想起由于蒸气机以及工程师的聪明才智所带给英国的种种损失,人们总会把风车的 衰落列为其中的第一项。也许如果只从景物的美观别致来说,英国所遭遇的最大不幸乃是锌 镀铁屋顶的发明;不过,毕竟红『色』屋顶的美好也不只是安详富丽与舒适而已,但是转动着的 风车不仅看起来美丽,而且非常浪漫:一个受制于自然的魔力但情愿为人类服务的温顺家伙 ,一个飞舞旋转的怪物或者往往是一个使人惧怕的东西。如果谁在风力正强的时候靠近一座 风车轰鸣的翅膀,心里都会骤然紧张起来——那感觉就像人们在暴风雨中望见水浪冲击堤岸 的情景一样。而此时待在风车里边的话,就能对声音的来历有些体会,因为这里就是声音的 洞『穴』。当然有些孔洞中所发出的轰鸣声震耳欲聋,具有很大的威力,但风车的声音则大体来 说是比较自然的,它们是木头与西南风搏斗时产生的,它充盈于人耳而不会震耳欲聋。而且 这种效果并不因为没有风或者磨坊主人及其佣人的淡漠而有所减弱,这些人即使是在震耳欲 聋的喧闹之下,也总是一副文静态度,如同教堂管事人一般有条不紊地办事。
当然,我进入的磨坊并没有如此喧闹,我只是偶尔听到那些冷落的车翼上的横木几声摆 动罢了,一切都是如此寂静。更使人惆怅的是,一切又仿佛已完全就绪,就等着当天开工了 。这个风车以前——大约几十年前——也曾是生气勃勃的,但是从那以后,它就永归沉寂, 毫无生气,就像一条溪流在夜里突然遭遇封冻,或者像丁尼逊《睡美人》诗中的宫殿那样寂 寞。这风车并没损坏——它只是失去了魂魄。风车上几个苹果木的榫子已从轮机上脱落了, 地板上的木条也有几根烂掉了,但也仅是如此而已。只要一周的时间,就足以把这一切都修 好。但永远没有这种可能了。因此,以前曾经使千千万万个英国风车一起欢舞的阵阵好风, 而今也只能在英吉利海峡之上徒劳吹过。
the windmill
edward verrall lucas
chance recently made me for a while the tenant of a windmill。 not to live in ; and unhappily not to grind corn in; but to visit as the mood arose; and see th e ships in the harbour from the topmost window; and look down on the sheep and t he green world all around。 for this mill stands high and white — so white; inde ed; that when there is a thundercloud behind it; it seems a thing of polished aluminium。
from its windows you can see four other mills; all; like itself; idle; and o ne merely a ruin and one with only two sweeps left。 but just over the next range of hills; out of sight,to the northeast; is a windmill that still merrily go es; and about five miles away to the northwest is another also active; so that things are not quite so bad hereabouts as in many parts of the country; where t he good breezes blow altogether in vain…
thinking over the losses which england has had forced upon her by steam and the ingenuity of the engineer; one is disposed to count the decay of the windmil l among the first。 perhaps in the matter of pure picturesqueness the most seriou s thing that ever happened to england was the discovery of galvanized iron roofi ng; but; after all; there was never anything but quiet and rich and comfortable beauty about red roofs; whereas the living windmill is not only beautiful but ro mantic too: a willing; manserving creature; yoked to the elements; a whirling monster; often a thing of terror。 no one can stand very near the crashing sweeps of a windmill in half a gale without a tightening of the heart — a feeling com parable to that which comes from watching the waves break over a wall in a storm 。 and to be within the mill at such a time is to know something of sound's very sources; it is the cave of noise itself。 no doubt there are dens of hammering en ergy which are more shattering; but the noise of a windmill is largely natural; the product of wood striving with the good sou'wester; it fills the ears rathe r than assaults them。 the effect; moreover,is by no means lessened by the absen ce of the wind itself and the silent nonchalance of the miller and his man; who move about in the midst of this appalling racket with the quiet efficiency of ve rgers。
in my mill; of course; there is no such uproar; nothing but the ocomasional s haking of the crosspieces of the idle sails。 everything is still; and the pity of it is that everything is in almost perfect order for the day's work。 the mil l one day — some score years ago — was full of life; the next; and ever after; mute and lifeless; like a stream frozen in a night or the palace in tennyson's ballad of the ‘sleeping beauty。' there is no decay — merely inanition。 one or two of the applewood cogs have been broken from the great wheel; a few floor p lanks have been rotted; but that is all。 a week's overhauling would put everythi ng right。 but it will never come; and the cheerful winds that once were to drive a thousand english mills so happily now bustle over the channel in vain。
林 鸟
威廉。亨利。哈德逊
威廉。亨利。哈德逊(1841—1922),英国博物学家兼作家。自幼酷爱自然,尤其喜欢 观察鸟类的生活习惯,他的散文清新自然,朴实亲切。
有很长的一段时间,我总是在攀登一座低矮宽阔的平顶小山。当我从灌木丛中脱身而出 ,又出现在一片空地时,我已身在一片平坦的高地,周围非常空旷,到处是石楠与荆棘丛生 的地方,这中间偶尔也有几处稠密的冷杉与桦木之类的植物。在我面前以及高地的两侧,一 眼望去,都是广袤的原野;地面上的景物有时会中断,但这蔚为大观的青葱翠绿却是连绵不 断的,这可能跟最近降雨量的充沛有关。在我看来,南德文郡的绿『色』实在是很多的,但是它 『色』调的柔和与亮度却过于单一。在领略这番景『色』之后,山顶上那些棕褐刺目的稀疏草木反而 使人心情爽朗。这片石楠丛生之地宛如一片绿洲与趋避之地,我在这里漫游了很久,直到腿 脚淋湿;然后我又坐下让它们晾干,就这样在那里度过了几个小时的愉快时光。让我高兴的 是这里没有我们的同类前来打扰,然而,鸟类朋友却有很多。在小道附近的丛林中间,雄雉 的啼叫声警告我,我已经进入了禁猎区。不过,禁猎并不严格,因为我所熟识的食腐肉的乌 鸦正在那里为它的幼雏寻食。它低飞着穿过树梢间,从我身边掠过,随即逝去。在当下的季 节,即早夏时期,当它飞起来的时候,人们是很容易将它与它的近亲白嘴鸭辨别开来。在觅 食的时候,这种乌鸦在空中平稳而迅速地滑翔着,经常会改变方向,一会儿贴近地面,一会 儿又飞升得很高,但它一般会保持着大概与树梢平齐的高度。它滑翔与转弯的动作看起来跟 鲱鱼鸥相似,但在滑动的时候,翅膀会挺得直直的,那修长的尖端呈现出一种轻翘曲线。但 它们之间最主要的区别还是飞行时头部的姿势不同。白嘴鸭像苍鹭与鹤那样,总是把它的利 喙像长矛那样直挺挺地伸在前面。它飞翔的时候方向明确,毫不犹豫,它简直可说是跟着自 己的鼻子尖在跑,绝不左顾右盼。而那寻觅肉食的乌鸦却不停地转动着它的头部,就像海鸥 与猎狗那样,一会儿看这边,一会儿又看那边,仿佛正在彻底地搜查地面,或是睁大了眼睛 盯着什么模糊的东西。
这个地方不仅有乌鸦,当我从草丛中走出来时,一只喜鹊正在鸣叫,只是不肯『露』面;过 了一会儿,一只橙鸟也以它那独特的叫声向我鸣叫。对于这聒噪不已的警告和咒骂中所流『露』 的那种心情,对于这受惊的鸟儿在看到生人侵入其林中净地时胸中突然而生的盛怒,我有时 也有深深的同感。
这个地方有很多小鸟,好像这里的荒芜贫瘠对它们也有吸引力。各种山雀、鸣禽、云雀 以及其他鸟类都正在到处忙着寻找栖息的地方,它们唱着各种各样的歌,时而来自树顶,时 而来自地面,时而『逼』近,时而遥远;而随着歌唱者的或远或近,或上或下,也给这些歌声本 身带来不同的特点,这样所产生的效果自然就是有千万种声调,非常丰富。唯有峋鸭始终停 留在一个地方或保持一种姿势不变,歌声也总是重复着一个调子。尽管如此,这种鸟的鸣叫 也并没有像人们所说的那样单调……
birds
william henry hudson
for some time past i had been ascending a low; broad; flattopped hill; and o n forcing my way through the undergrowth into the open i found myself on the lev el plateau; an unenclosed spot overgrown with heather and scattered furze bushes ;